英语同源副词的区别

赵宝斌

    在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因此这类词就有两种副词形式，它们在用法上有些可以互换， 有些是有区别，下面笔者对这类词做一总结。
　一般地说，可以互换的这类词，形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念， 经常用语口语中，不太正式；后缀-ly形式的副词，表示比较抽象的概念，有引申义，并有一定感情色彩，变副词比较级时，用此类副词，如修饰动词和分词，放在它们前面。
1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy and sell
    Do you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.
cheaply:  I can't sell you more cheaply. 
2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away out
    I ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof.
    The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.
cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut.
    He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall.
3) clear: not touching
    Please stand clear of the gate.
clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clear
    I can't see ~ without my glasses.
    We ~need to think again.
4) close: near
    Come close, I want to tell you something.
closely: carefully, with great attention
    Study this ~ it's very important.
5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions
   ~ right, ~ sure, ` tired,  ~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straight
deadly: fatally
    He was ~ injured in the crash.
6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables
    The plane goes ~ from London to Houston.
7) easy: used in certain expressions
   Take it easy. easy come, easy go. 
   Easier said than done.
easily:  I can do very easily.
8) fair: used in the expression play ~, fight ~ 
fairly: justly, honestly
   You must do it ~.
9) fine: well, used in some expressions
   That suits me fine. You are doing ~.
finely: elaborately (细微地） (not commonly used
    He studied it very finely.
10) free: without payment
   You can't eat ~ in my restaurant.
freely: without limit or restriction(限制）
    You can't speak ~ in front of my father.
11) hard: to show degree
   He hit hard.
hardly: almost not
12) high: it refers to high position.
    Don't go higher. It is dangerous.
highly: it refers to an extreme degree "very much".
    She is ~ paid. It is ~ amusing.
13) just: a moment ago  I have just come here.
justly: in accordance with justice or the law.
   You must do it justly.
14) late: not on time   He hates arriving late.
lately: recently  I haven't heard from you lately.
15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout, laugh
loudly: in a big voice  They quarreled ~.
16) low: in a small voice   Can you speak low?
lowly: in a humble way   Don't speak to him lowly.
17) most: very    Which do you like most?
mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases
18) pretty: rather   ~ well, ~ soon
prettily: pleasing to people (悦人地）   He danced ~.
19) quick: in informal English used instead of quickly quickly  He acted ~.
20) real: in informal English used instead of really
really:   Are you ~ tell me the truth.
21) right: just, exactly, all the way
   The ball hit me ~ in the nose.
    He arrived ~ after breakfast.
    Turn right at the traffic lights.
rightly: correctly  right can be used informally instead of rightly
    You guessed right(ly)
22) sharp: punctually  准时地   He arrived at six o'clock ~.
sharply: 锐利地，急剧地
look ~ speak ~
23) short: suddenly
   The car stopped suddenly.
shortly: soon   He will come shortly.
24) slow: used in informal conversation instead of slowly
   go ~, drive ~ 
25) sound: 彻底地 used in the expression  sound asleep
soundly: 非常好地  He is sleeping soundly.
26) straight and straightly used in the same way.
27) sure: used in American English meaning certainly
    surely:  He speaks very surely.
28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation.
   hold ~, pack ~.  The door was shut ~.
tightly: We'd better sit tightly.
29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.
widely: in many different places
   He has traveled widely.
30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation.
   You guessed wrong(ly)

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