Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头羔羊

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

     ★prize

adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的

prize Mary has got a prize lamb

      The cat is prize to the old lady.

valuable

precious

cherishable

dear

     ★tie

v.   拴，系

tie sth.to

I tied the dog to a tree.

于……有联系

He is tied to his family

(n.)领带，关系（强调血缘关系）

     ★theft

n.   偷盗行为，偷盗案

He reports the theft to the police.

     ★accuse

v.   指控

accuse sb.of doing sth.

accuse 比charge语义弱：accuse强调＂严厉的指责＂，charge强调＂控告＂

     ★deny

v.   否认

deny doing sth.

He denied stealing the lamb.

He denied the truth.

deny sb. nothing :百依百顺

He denies his wife nothing.

deny oneself: 克制自己

On some occasions we must deny ourselves.

     ★ashamed

adj. 感到羞耻，惭愧

be ashamed of

He is ashamed of being a dustman.

shameful: 可耻的

The theft is shameful.

shameless: 无耻的

The thief is a shameless person.

     ★apologize

v.   道歉

apologize to sb.(for sth.)

(n.)apology

     ★dye

v.   染         

Dye the cloth black

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Was Dimitri right to apologize to his neighbour? Why not?

    Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.

    When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!

参考译文

    玛丽与丈夫迪米特里住在希腊南部一个叫波拉考拉的小村庄里。玛丽最珍贵的财产之一就是丈夫送给她的一只白色小羔羊。白天，玛丽把羔羊拴在地里的一颗树上，每天晚上把它牵回家。可是，一天晚上，那只小羔羊失踪了。绳子被人割断，很明显小羔羊是被人偷吡恕?BR>    迪米特里从地里回来，妻子把情况跟他一说，他马上出去找偷羔羊的人。他知道在这样一个小村庄里抓住小偷并不困难。把失窃的事告诉几个朋友后，迪米特里发出他的邻居阿列科家突然多了一只小羔羊。迪米特里立刻去了阿列科家，气呼呼地指责他偷了羔羊，告诉他最好把羊交还，否则就去叫警察。阿列科不承认，并把迪米特里领进院子。不错，他的确刚买了一只羔羊，阿列科解释说，但他的羔羊是黑色的。迪米特里为自己的鲁莽而感到不好意思，向阿列科道了歉，说是错怪了他。就在他俩说话的时候，天下起了雨，迪米特里便呆在阿列科家里避雨，一直等到雨停为止。半小时后，当他从屋里出来时，他惊奇地发现小黑羔羊全身几乎都变成白色。原来羊毛上染的黑色被雨水冲掉了！

【课文讲解】

in the tiny village of...

in the big city of Beijing

in the beautiful city of Paris.

possession: 所有物

What I possess is valuable./My possessions are valuable.

belinging: 随身携带物

keep: 使……处于某种状态

keep后的复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词、介词短语、分词

keep和过去分词搭配做宾语补足语，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系

宾语补足语和宾语是主谓关系，那么宾语补足语是现在分词结构

I keep my windows closed.

I kept the boy standing outside.

It is obvious that...

set out to do sth.: 开始着手做某事

tell sb.about sth.

He can't be ill or he wouldn't have come.

or else

Your room is so dirty,Clear it promptly,or else...

It is true that...,but...

It is true that the work is hard,but we'll finish it ahead.

现在分词结构（形容词结构）做状语，此处相当于原因状语，放主句前后均可

Angry at everybody here,he left suddenly.

Anxious for a quick decision,he called his friends.

Nervous,the man opened the letter.

【Special difficulties】

had better do  had better not do

1.We had better have lunch.

2.She had better renew her passport

3.You'd better not ask so many questions.

4.We'd better not stay any longer.

5.The children had better get an early night

6.solicitor: 律师　I had better consult my solicitor.

【Multiple choice questions】

1. C

2. B community :社区　　village

3. B

4. a

5. present---absent

   When Mr Brown left firm,the director presented a gold watch to him.

   a present from somebody

   D正确

　 The gold watch was present from the director.

6. C

7. D so small a size

8. B

9. A  valued advice   valued friend    worthwhile: 值得的

　　　worthy: 配得上的   be worthy of

      His deeds are worthy of our praise

10 tell somebody about something

   B正确  report something to somebody

11 C正确

12 A正确　out of doors----outside indoors

   in the open air    inside out: 里外反穿

　He put his socks on inside out.

Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world

世界上最长的吊桥

New words and expression 生词和短语

Suspension n.悬，吊

suspension bridge 吊桥

suspend vt.吊, 悬挂

-- The light is suspended from the ceiling.

suspend vt.暂停, 暂缓

-- The train was suspended because of the heavy rain.

Suspense n.担心、挂念、悬念（in suspense）

-- The wonderful film gave me a good expression because of its suspense. (悬念)

-- He didn’t tell me the truth. It kept me in suspense all day.

suspender n.吊袜带,（裤子或裙子的）背带

　agreeable adj.宜人的（-- Today is agreeable.）

agreeable situation宜人的地方

-- His house is in a agreeable situation.

situation n.地点，地方（= 本地 = position）

situate vt.使位于, 使处于

　locate v.位于

-- Beijing is located in the North of China.

-- Japan is located to the east of China.

immortal adj.永生的，流芳百世的

Brooklyn n.布鲁克林（纽约一区名）

Staten n.斯塔顿（岛）

Span n.跨度

Cable n.缆索

Concrete n.混凝土

Suspend v.悬挂

Length n.根，段

　Estimate v.估计

-- Underestimate 低估 / Overestimate 高估

-- At a rough estimate, the car is worth 500 thousand RMB. 粗略的估计以下…

Estimation n.判断（= judgement = judgment n.审判, 判决）

-- in my estimation = in my view = in my opinion 在我看来

capacity n.承受量（容量, 生产量, 接受力）

-- Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema?

Capacity n.做某事的能力

have a capacity for doing something / have a capacity to do ability

-- we have a capacity to study English well.

Ability n.能力, 才干（已经做到了）

-- We have ability to finish the work in two days. = we manage to finish…

Capability n.潜在的能力

have capability to do / have capability of doing

-- Every child has capability to study a foreign language.

Faculty n.先天的智能或能力

Competence n.胜任工作的能力、资格

-- I have competence for this job.

immensity n.巨大

　elegant adj.优美别致的

Elegant 还表示人的举止很得体、大方

-- The lady is elegant. / elegant behavior

Graceful adj.优美的（强调一个人的体型优美）

Delicate adj.精巧的, 精致的

　faintly adv.微细地

　within prep.在...之内, 不越出n.内部, 里头

adj.里面的, 内部的adv.在内部, 在内心里

midst n.中间 prep.在...中间

flow vi.流动n.流动

shape n.外形, 形状, 形态

account n.计算, 说明, 帐目

designer n. 设计家, 制图师, 阴谋家

tower n.塔, 城堡

underwater adj.在水下的,在水中的 adv.在水下 n.(海洋等)水面下的水

platform n.平台, (车站)月台,讲台, 讲坛

depth n.深, 深度

surface n.表面, 外表, 水面 adj.面的, 肤浅的

wire n.金属丝, 电线

pack vt.塞满, 挤进, 挤满

strength n.强度, 力量

fulfill vt.履行, 实现, 完成(计划等)

fulfil vt.完成, 达到

draw vt.vi.（drew, drawn, drawing）拉, 曳, 牵, 画, 绘制

create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成

　Text 课文

How is the bridge supported?

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and

named it Angouleme.

sailed into... 是句子的主干

about whom（whom指代Italian）

　He described it as ‘a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of

which flowed a great river.‘

describe something as… 把某物描述成…

-- I should describe the attempt as a failure. 我把这次尝试描述成失败。

后面可以加as的动词：see, view, look upon, recognize, regard, treat, accept

-- His mother regards him as genius. （genius n.天才, 天赋）

-- I accepted his words as truth. 我对他的话信以为真。

　Located过去分词做定语修饰situation

-- I like the village located within two small hills.

= I like the village which is located within two small hills.

in the midst of which...

-- A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills.

In the midst of = in the middle of

In the middle of不仅可以表示方位上的中间, 还可以表示时间上的中间。

-- in the middle of the river / in the middle of the night / in the middle of the winter

介词短语在which前, which引导的从句要倒装。

-- We arrived at a farmhouse in front of which was a mountain.

Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably

remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world

was named after him.

Though / although / even though 引导让步状语从句

用了though, although 不能使用but

但可以用yet来强调转折关系

-- Though they manage to take photographs, yet they got into trouble soon.

by no means（= not by any means = not at all）

-- It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus.

乘坐一辆拥挤的公共汽车绝对不是一件让人高兴的事。

-- He isn‘t satisfied with a job at all. = He isn‘t satisfied with a job by any means.

in no way, in no case, in no sense, in no circumstances（circumstance n.环境,详情,境况）

on no account, at no time 都表示’决不’

be named after…, be named for…, take one‘s name from… 都表示用…来命名

　The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten

Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet.

a span of 跨度、桥长

　The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer.

take into account = take into consideration = take account of 考虑到

-- We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting.

Two great towers support four huge cables.

Support = hold up 举起, 支撑

　The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete.

The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.

Extend（延伸, 伸展）= reach, stretch

-- a railway extends to the next city.

These alone took sixteen months to build.

= It took the workers sixteen months to build the platforms.

Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet.

extend to a depth of… 伸展的深度

extend to a length of… 伸展的长度

extend to a width of… 伸展的宽度 （width n.宽度, 宽广 ）

rise to a height of… 伸展的高度

　They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended.

which指代先行词cables

Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire.

It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying