Bank of England

Bank of England

　　Sometimes when we are in Britain, we see on the notices at the scenic spots' doors that the spots close on Bank Holidays and Public Holidays. We know what public holidays are. They are like our Chinese national holiday, New Year's Day, etc. But bank holidays are absolutely unique in Britain. What are they actually?

　　Bank holidays are holidays authorized by law. They can be known as public holidays, because employees don't need to work when these two holidays come. The name bank holiday means when banks close, there is no trading in the area, and people can have a rest.

　　Bank holidays were first introduced by the Bank Holidays Act of 1871. It designated different bank holidays for each part of Britain. Most of the holidays are the same, but we can still find out the difference.

　　There are 8 bank holidays in England and Wales:
　　New Year's Day
　　Easter Monday
　　Good Friday
　　Early May Bank Holiday
　　Spring Bank Holiday
　　Summer Bank holiday
　　Christmas Day
　　Boxing Day

　　Among these holidays, Good Friday and Christmas Day are traditional holidays; they are not specified by law but commonly recognized, therefore they were not included in the Act of 1871.

　　Scotland also has 8 bank holidays:
　　New Year's Day
　　2nd January
　　Good Friday
　　Early May Bank Holiday
　　Spring Bank Holiday
　　St Andrew's Day
　　Christmas Day
　　Boxing Day

　　2nd January was included to be an additional bank holiday in Scotland In 1973. It was according to the 1971 Act. We say the 1971 Act instead of the Act of 1871, because the latter one was repealed 100 years later. Yet, its provisions wereincorporated into the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971. The new Act remains the statutory basis for bank holidays. Since then, when government creates a new bank holiday, the 1971 Act should be taken into consideration.

　　Northern Ireland has 9 bank holidays:
　　New Year's Day
　　St Patrick's Day
　　Good Friday
　　Early May Bank Holiday
　　Spring Bank Holiday
　　Battle of the Boyne （Orangemen's Day）
　　Summer Bank holiday
　　Christmas Day
　　Boxing Day

　　St Patrick's Day （17 March） is appointed by a special Act of Parliament in 1903, while Battle of Boyne （12 July） is by the Governor of Northern Ireland in 1926. Even though England celebrates St Patrick's Day, they do not have a bank holiday on that date.

　　The above mentioned holidays do not fall to the same date each year. If one of the bank holidays is happened to be on a weekend, it's then changed to another day. Normally, there are several dates in lieu of the original fixed dates. British tend to spend bank holidays and public holidays respectively,

　　You may ask is there any difference between bank holidays and public holidays? Yes, bank holidays are legally appointed; while public holidays are customary holidays. However, British people just spend these two types of holidays as the same.

　　Customary, on bank holidays, banks, shops, museums and other places of interests do not open. But as the economic activities increasingly connect people's daily life and national affairs, some banks and shops still open to business on bank holidays. But Christmas Day is of course the exemption.

　　When we plan to travel to Britain, if in case of unexpected troubles we may have to plan our journey in the consideration of bank holidays!

　　Good Friday： 耶稣受难日
　　Boxing Day： 节礼日
　　Repeal： 废止
　　Provision： 条例
　　Incorporate： 将某事物包括进去
　　Statutory ： 法定的
　　Battle of the Boyne： 博恩战役，1690年，信奉新教的英格兰国王威廉三世在博恩打败信奉天主教的前任君主詹姆士二世，这是爱尔兰近代著名的战役之一。同时，威廉三世的家族姓氏是Orange-Nassau，他的家族成员在庆祝这个节日时，都会戴着橙色的花和橙色的带子。因此该日又叫Orangemen's Day
　　In lieu of： 代替，相当于replace
　　Exemption：例外.

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